Despite the fact that the rafter system of the gable roof is made easier than, for example, the attic, in its creation there are also nuances. About what is a simple roof with two slopes and how its construction is underway, we will tell in our publication.
Gable roof — design and features
How to build a roof of your home yourself
The gable roof consists of two ract -shaped slopes converging by the upper faces. Therefore, a cut of a gable roof is a triangle with two equal or different -sized side sides. The lower parts of the slopes are based on the «box» at home. As for the end part, the device of the gable roof involves its construction of the same material as the whole house. There are several varieties of a roof with two slopes:
Another secret of the popularity of such designs is the ability to create an attic. With proper insulation, it can play the role not only of the attic, but also to be a full -fledged living room. There are a lot of advantages in the roof with two slopes. Its likelihood of leaks is very small, since the design is solid, and, due to high strength, the roof repair may not be needed very soon. Such a roof is also beneficial in terms of material costs — its construction will cost a smaller amount than, for example, a tent or Valmova.
The angle of inclination of the gable roof is very important. As a rule, in most cases it does not exceed 40 °. However, if in the region where the house is being built, precipitation goes very often, it makes sense to think about the roof with a large bias. However, a large angle of inclination “obliges” to think over the quality of the roof as wind resistance, since the cooler the slope, the more the roof is suspended. It is worth noting that on the roof whose slope exceeds 45 °, you can lay any roofing materials.
Roof scheme — the best assistant in calculations
Collect a rafter system
In order not to become the owner of unnecessary building materials or, conversely, do not buy several missing boards in a hurry, it is necessary to make calculations. So, for starters, let’s calculate how much roofing material we will need. Suppose the dimensions of the house are 7×10 m. Since the slopes make on the larger wall, the length of each of them will be 10 m. Then we need to find out the height of the slope.
To do this, we need to use the Pythagorean theorem. Suppose that the height from the floor of the attic to the skate of the roof is 3 m. We draw a fictional line from the skate to the floor, which will divide the end part of the roof into two equal triangles. Since the width of the house is 7 m, the length of the base of the figure (that is, one of the legs) will be 3.5 m, and the height of the second cabin — 3 m. Now we substitute our values into the formula: we put both values in a square and get, respectively, 12.25 and 9, fold them and calculate the square root from the amount. As a result, we get the height of the ramp of a rectangle, which will be 4.06 m. We multiply 10 by 4.06 — and calculate the area of one slope equal to 40.6 m2. Therefore, the area of two «petals» of the roof will be 91.2 m2. The resulting number must be increased by at least 10%, given the overlap of the selected roofing material. Thanks to our calculations, we learned the length of the rafters — it will be equal to the height of the roof (in this case 4.06 m), to which it is necessary to add the length of the cornice overhang.
When making a drawing, do not forget to display a horse, elements of the drainage system, chimney pipes on it and, if you make an attic room, windows. This will help to calculate all the costs of building a roof.
In order to determine the number of rafters, it is necessary to divide the length of the house into the width of the run between them (as a rule, it is one meter) and add another beam. That is, if the length of our roof is 10 m, we need 22 rafters — 11 on each side.
We begin to create a frame
Now we’re moving from words to deeds — it’s time to mount the rafter system. If you are erecting a house of aerated concrete, brick or other similar material, you first need to start with the installation of Mauerlat. In a wooden house, his role will be played by a cowl or log. As an Mauerlat, a beam with a cross section of at least 100×100 mm is taken (depending on the house of the house). Between the walls of the house and the supporting beam lay waterproofing. Since the roof is gable, Mauerlat is placed only on two opposite walls on which the overhangs of the roof will be based.
One of the most important points is the selection of lumber. For rafters, boards with a section of 150×50 mm are usually used. Please note that the boards should be as even as possible — “sabers” cannot be used to create rafters, otherwise the roof will be “news”. The moisture content of wood and Mauerlat and rafter elements should not exceed 15-20%, and the number of “living” knots should not be more than three per linear meter. The presence of «dead» knots is not allowed. Do not forget about the processing of wooden elements with protective compounds.
The rafters at such a roof can be inhabited or hanging. However, most builders call the optimal roof system in which both of these varieties of the frame are combined. That is, in places where there is an opportunity to create an additional support, the beams are made of alloyed, and in others — hanging. The creation of such a system requires a lot of knowledge and construction experience, so it is better to entrust its installation to professionals.
For the convenience of installing the frame, you can mount the rafter farms in advance. This design is already interconnected by the elements of the rafters, which must be lifted up and attached to Mauerlat. Such designs can be assembled independently or ordered at a forestrying enterprise.
After the installation of Mauerlat, extreme rafters are mounted. In the places of their connection with the support beams, cutouts are made, which allow the most firmly to fasten these two elements with each other. In order for the joints of the rafters at the skate to be strong, the boards must be fastened with overlapping so that their surface is one. For this, in each of the two boards, a cut is made, after which they are connected by bolts or nails. After installation of the extreme rafters, they move to the installation of intermediate, having previously pulled a cord between them, which will serve as a guideline. Then, if necessary, the rafter structure is enhanced, I fix the crossbars, supports or other elements.
The final stage of the device
The next stage is the installation of the crate. To create it, the boards with a cross section of 25×150 mm are used (in some cases, use lumber is also used), which are laid on a distance of a certain project from each other. But first, a waterproofing film is attached to the rafters using a construction stapler. She will protect the house not only from moisture, but also from the winds. On top of the crate begin to mount the selected material.
If the room under the roof is resident, the roof must be insulated. For this, in most cases, stone-welded materials are used in rolls or slabs. In addition, from the inside of the house it is necessary to lay a vapor barrier film that will not allow the interior decoration.