The distributor is a special mechanism, which is an important component of the entire hydraulic system of the vehicle. Its main function is the redistribution of the working fluid between different units of the machine. He also takes part in the regulation of oil pressure, due to which he is held in the right position of the hinged unit on the tractors. If this node fails, then the operation of the vehicle will be suspended. Therefore, if the issue of replacing a hydraulic distributor on a tractor is worth it, then it is better not to hesitate, since otherwise it is possible to aggravate problems and increase the cost of repairs.
The main functions
The distributor in the device of the tractor hydraulic system performs several important roles. So, he is responsible for the most important functions:
direction of oil to consumers (power cylinder, hydraulic engine hydrotor);
Water system transfer to idle mode. This is achieved with the redistribution of the working fluid into the tank;
limits the pressure in case of overload.
In other words, it participates in a number of processes on which the possibility of operating the tractor and attachment equipment depends.
Working modes
The hydraulic distributor in several positions operates. There are 4 modes in total:
«neutral». With it, the springs are held by spools, which creates an obstacle to oil when passing into the cylinder, which is why the piston movement is fixed. The process of unloading the hydraulic system with the pump turned on is performed due to the valve action, which is responsible for overlapping the course. He, in turn, works when the pressure grows;
«Raised». With an open valve of the fuse, the spring is relaxed, which holds the spool. Such a process is performed under the influence of pressure. Due to this effect, the liquid gets access to the lower cylinder cavity, and the mechanism rises;
«Lowered». With this mode, the spool overlaps the control valve. Due to this, the pressure in the hydraulic distributor is aligned. With the valve lowered, the oil does not enter the cylinder;
«floating». This regime implies forced lowering the hinged mechanisms. Resort to it only in special cases. Using this position of the distributor allows you to quickly and effort to deepen the unit. Moreover, the attached force will exceed the mass of the most hinged gun.
With prolonged functioning of the hydraulic system, overload may occur. To prevent damage to the elements from pressure drops, the fuse valve is provided in the distributor diagram. It works when the maximum allowable value is exceeded.
Important! The nominal pressure parameter is installed in the factory, and the seal is superimposed on the valve.
Basic species
Hydraulic distributors for tractors are divided into types. Two main ones are guides and throttling. The former overlap or change the direction of movement of the working fluid, which occurs due to the opening or closing of certain passages in the system. The throttle distributor is able to change the direction of the oil movement in several hydraulic lines at once, as well as influence consumption according to the commands of the management.
Interesting. The mechanisms differ among themselves in the functionality of the shut-off-regulating element. So, in a throttle hydraulic distributor, this part can take a variety of intermediate positions. At the same time, it works as a shut-off-regulating element, contributing to the creation of resistance in the flow of oil. The size of the cross -sectional area in the throttle distributor directly depends on the force with which the control signal is supplied.